tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-39825169367319848042024-03-19T14:07:51.302-07:00anis not sinaanis not sinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06269952390999671529noreply@blogger.comBlogger13125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3982516936731984804.post-78917321591747156792014-12-21T06:04:00.001-08:002014-12-21T06:04:16.436-08:00Bukan Pandawa LimaPersahabatan kami dimulai sejak... Awal kuliah. Mula-mula ketemu SYIFA, kita nyatet jadwal perkuliahan semester 1 bareng. Waktu itu mahasiswa baru (MABA) belum ngerti AIS. Padahal di AIS itu jadwal semester satu udah ada tinggal di printout aja. haha.. dong.. dongg..'<br />
<br />
Selesai nyatet, melipir ke tangga ehh ada temen PROPESA (ospek) nya Syifa, BUNGA. Bertigaan masuk kelas. Gw agak lupa kenapa kita jadi berlima, termasuk ZIA sama INDAHSeinget gw, kita berlima punya tujuan yang sama waktu itu, buat kartu PU. Terus kemana-mana akhirnya kita bareng. Udah kayak pandawa lima. Ciaaaatt...<br />
<br />
Sekarang masing-masing dari kami memulai aktivitasnya di tempat yang berbeda. Beberapa dari kami sudah meyelesaikan studi. Tapi kita masih lihat bulan yang sama kan geng? HAHA<br />
Masa-masa kita dikampus memang sudah habis, tapi persahabatan kita bisa diperpanjang sampai waktu yang tidak bisa ditentukan. *oooooohhh peluuuuuukk*<br />
Sahabatan terus.... terusss.. terussss.... sampai diantara kita menutup mata. InsyaAllah kita teruskan lagi di syurgaNya.<br />
<br />
Kita adalah agen, agen rahasia? Bukan! Ish malesin deh. Lagi serius nih -___-<br />
Kita itu agen UIN, Jurusan Pendidikan Matematika, Agen PMTK B 2009, agen minyaaaakk... OHH NIIIISS >.<\<br />
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Keep in touch my mamen mamen *ketchupp muachh* anis not sinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06269952390999671529noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3982516936731984804.post-78337489326764992082012-06-01T09:36:00.001-07:002012-06-01T09:36:56.781-07:00Butuh Pemadam Kelaparan..<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selasa, 29 November 2011<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yes, Selasa udah gak ada kuliah
pagi lagi. Kan GeoTrans udah selesai. Tinggal nunggu hasilnya hari Kamis minggu
ini. Hope get best. My best in eight God.. hehe maksa..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tapi pagi ini jam 10, Syifa dan
Zia ngajakin ngumpul dikampus buat ngerjain tugas SPM. Well, im coming exactly
time *apa coba?? On time kali mksudnya? Ngerjain SPM bareng sm Syifa, soalnya
Zia belajar prolin sm kelompoknya bsk mereka presentasi. Yasudah akhirnya gw
diskusi sama Syifa aja. Kita make kelas paling pojok, naah kebetulan kelas itu
kosong. Asiiik.. Ditengah-tengah diskusi si Ayik lari2 sambil tereak2.. “GAK
ADA DOSEN MAT-KEU…GAK ADA DOSEN MAT_KEU..!!” seeeeh si Ayik T,T biasa aja kali
ahh.. kaya anak SD, persis.. haha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Karna gak ada dosennya gw lanjutin
aja deh diskusi SPM sampe nyaris kelar..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ayik: “Ehh nis pindah aja kek di
ruang Munaqosah (baca:ruang sidang). Yap! Tempat ini jadi salah satu tempat
diskusi paling nyaman semester ini. Makanya jadi tempat favorit anak matematik
khususnya. Selain adem, tertutup, meja panjang dan banyak colokan (ngecas
HP/laptop) dan kedap suara. Jadi, klo mau diskusi sambil orasi juga kaga bakal
keluar2 deh suaranya. Oke singkat cerita gw sama Syifa ngelarin SPM hari itu
juga namun apa daya tangan tak sampai. Soalnya otak jadi mampet kalo
LAPEEEERR.. haha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Syifa sama Beni turun ke bawah
nyariin makanan. Sedangkan gw, Umu, Zia, Nda, Ayik tetep ditempat (nitip yaa Sif..hhe).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satu jam kemudian....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ummu: “Syifa sama Beni kok belom
dateng2 yaa..?”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zia: “Iya nih udah laper banget”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ayik: ”Ahh gw mau nitip somay lagi
ahh..” (dia uda makan 2 porsi pemirsah… dasar karet!)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gw:”Namanya juga nitip jadi sabar
ya temen2, apalagi yang jalan sepasang kekasih baru.. hha harap maklum..”
sambil ngesemes Syifa, nanya roti diatas meja ini milik siapa? Hahaha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zia:”Gw rasa beli makanannya di
Arab ni anak..”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Geeerrr.. (getaran Henpon gw)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1 pesan dari ‘Syifa baru<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“Makan aja nis itu roti gw…”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Asiiiiiiik..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terus gw bilang aja ke yang lain,
“Teman teman kita makan roti ini aja yuuk…”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam sekejap roti pun habis kami
gasak. Bener2 dah pada laper tapi pada males jalan..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Karna pada sanking kelaperannya
pada gak bisa mikir apalagi jalan kebawah nyari makanan, tapi masih bisa
bercanda, foto2 pake jubah sidang, apa coba…?? anehh..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">#Mohon ya kejadian ini jangan dicontoh…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jam 4an gw sama Zia balik, Zia
pulang dan gw kekosan siap2 buat kerumah Yovi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dirumah Yovi..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dua hari lagi kamu EHB Yovi jangan
bikin deg degan deh.. belajar yang bener biar kita sama sama enak..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dasar bocah lagi gak mood banget
kali dia. Bener2 gak mau belajar, malah nonton TV, aiihh parah deh nih anak..
gw suruh aja TV nya matiin dulu sebentar. Dengan segala bujuk dan rayu gw
akhirnya dia mau matiin TV nya, haha. tapi dia tetep gak mau belajar, huhu..
oke, jurus pamungkas gw adalah “kaka mau sms ayah kamu, bilang: kalau kaka mau
pulang sekarang karena kamu gak mau belajar” pas HP keluar dari dalem tas
langsung pengen direbut sama Yovi, gw ngeles. Terjadi perebutan HP yang sengit
antara gw dan Yovi. Akhirnya gw yang ngalah tapi sebelumnya tu HP gw kunci
dulu. Dy gak ngerti cara ngebukanya. Haha rasain lu, kata gw dlm hati. Dia
kesel dan langsung ngebuka caseing bagian belakang. “ehh.. ehh mau diapain?”
kata gw panik. “Biarin aja kalo HP kaka sampe rusak kamu yang ganti yaa..”
seketika dia copot bateray nya tanpa mematikan Hp terlebih dahulu. Yaahh ancur
dah HP gueeee... Abis itu baru deh dikasiin ke gw lagi HP nya. Rrrrrrrghh apa
coba?? #geblek. Yaudah HP gw masukin kedalem tas dengan kondisi yang masih
porak poranda. Gw gak berkata apa-apa, dan sedikit pun waktu itu gw gak
nunjukin muka marah, karna emang gw gak marah sama skali. tapi Yovi langsung
mau belajar.. iiihh semakin gak ngerti aja gw ama anak ini…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jam setengah 8 malem gw pulang.
Mengondisikan HP kembali, ngesemes Dede minta tolong dijemput soalnya hati gw
cape ngadepin Yovi, makannya fisik gw juga jadi ikut-ikutan capek. Banyak SMS
masuk tapi ga da yang gw bales SMS nya. Maap yaa temen-temen…. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">********<o:p></o:p></span></div>anis not sinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06269952390999671529noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3982516936731984804.post-81329132047434477252012-06-01T09:28:00.003-07:002012-06-01T09:29:14.663-07:00Setan atau Orang ??<br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Selasa, 22 November
2011<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bangun jam setengah 4.
Ngumpulin nyawa. Ehh uda ASOLATUKHOIRUM MINANAUM aja. Abis subuh langsung buka
GeoTrans. Rajin amat yak. Gw panik soalnya UTS gw dpt D, aiih geblekk,
ngeBLANK!! Makanya minimal UAS gw harus dpt B. AMIIIIINN..<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sampe jam 10an lah gw
main2 sama garis, koordinat, refleksi, translasi, dkk. Lapeeerr..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Makanlah sendirian. Yg
lain? Dewi, Arya Ka Rahma, sama Pila kuliah. Nenk dirumahnya, cepet sembuh yaa
Nenk </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">J</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ihh kan gw baru cuci
muka sama sikat gigi doang. Uda keliaran nyari makan. Haha yarin dah. NIat
mandinya ntar klo mau kuliah. Niatnya sih ikut MatKeu yang jam setengah 2. Tapi
Bresssss….. UJAAAANN.. ahh yang sore aja dah. Dosennya ‘Liberal’ ini. Yampun si
Arya jemurin baju di balkon, depan kamar gw,
tapi agak kedepanan banget. Gw mau pindahin bajunya kedalem. Soalnya
tampias air ujan. Ehh baru aja gw keluar gw liat ada tangan bapa2 di tembok
disusul sama kepalanya yang nongol2 berusaha buat naikin tu tembok. NETHINK. Gw
kabur masuk kedalem kamar kunci pintu, nyari benda yang kira2 klo buat ngepruk
kepala tu orang bisa langsung pingsan. Hemm apa yah…? Berfikir cepat..Gantungan
baju? BUKAN. meja belajar ? Aarrgh kegedean. Setrikaan? Hadeeh.. akhirnya gw
pake setrikaan juga. Duhh gw gak punya basic kungfu, silat, taekwondo dsb nya
lagih. Ya ALLAH kumaha iyeuh?? Mau nelpon, HP gw kan ketinggalan dirumah. Ahh
akhirnya buka laptop pasang modem OL, gw inboxin semua anak kosan aja, spy klo
urusan mereka uda selesai, mereka cepet balik. Dag dig dug bener ni perasaan
uda kaya apaan. Sesekali ngecek jendela. Takut something happen.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">“Aniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiissssss
aku pulang…” suara Dewi. Akhirnya…<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Gw bukain pintu, gw
certain lah kejadian bapa2 itu sampai akhirnya bapa2 itu ngilang entah kmana. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ehh tau gak masa pas gw
lagi nyeritain ke Dewi kejadian tadi, kipas angin di kamar gw tiba2 mati
sendiri. Bukan karna mati lampu, soalnya di terminal listrik yang sama, dewi bisa
ngecharge BB nya (charging start). Pas gw liat2 gak taunya ada yang muterin ke
OFF. Gw ama Dewi cuma bisa liat2an terus kabooooooooorrr….<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Jam 3 sore, bimbang mau
masuk MatKeu ga yaa?? lg konsen bgt sm GeoTrans nih. Gw pinjem HP eneng buat
sms NINDA, ngasih tau klo gw gak dateng MATKEU. Hehe. Baru sekali kok kan dapet
jatah 3kali. Wkwkwk :D<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Zia tiba2 dateng. Doi
numpang transit. Jam 5 doi mau ngajar. Share GeoTrans with Zia. Oke jam 5, gw
pun mandi (akhinya,ueks!!), solat ashar, trus ngaji bentaran (udah lama nggak
ngaji soalnya). Abis magrib gw berangkat ngaajar Yovi. Ya Alloh macetnya uda
kaya apaan.. jam setengah8 gw baru nyampe rumah Yovi. Biasanya itu cuma butuh
waktu setengah jam perjalanan. Ini masa 2 jam lebihh.. Waahh kacau.. Bener aja
pas gw nyampe. Ayahnya Yovi juga uda dirumah. Aisshh kaga enak gw. Trs Yovi
juga uring2an gara2 gw telat. Maaf ya Yov, soalnya macet banget… Selesai ngajar
gw gak kemana2 lagi. Yaiyalah uda malem juga. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengen banget segera ke Pulau
Kapuk alias molor. Tapi Eneng, Dewi, Arya ngajak ngobrol. Secret ya</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">J</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Selesai ngobrol2 sm
mereka gw ngecek FB takut ada something urgent for me. Secara gak megang HP (ketinggalan dirumah),
internet lah satu2nya alat komunikasi gw. Singkat cerita ada yang kangen gitu
sama gw. Haha..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">" Dalam dekapan ini kita
bersambung bukan untuk saling terikat membebani melainkan untuk saling
tersenyum memahami dan saling mengerti kelembutan hati nurani " :)<br />
-Salim.A.Fillah-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">***********<o:p></o:p></span></div>anis not sinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06269952390999671529noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3982516936731984804.post-90832806829685837432012-06-01T08:42:00.002-07:002012-06-01T08:42:49.795-07:00Latihan Fungsi Naik, Fungsi Turun, Stationer<br />
<div class="Section1">
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Latihan Fungsi Naik, Fungsi Turun, Stationer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Nama<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Kelas <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: XI/ IPS <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Hari/Tanggal<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pilihlah
jawaban yang tepat!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi yang ditentukan oleh <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) = <i>x<sup>3</sup></i>
+ 6<i>x<sup>2</sup></i> – 15<i>x </i>turun pada interval ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. -1
<<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>x < 5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. -5 ≤ x
≤ 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. -5 <
x < 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. x <
-5 atau x > 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. x ≤ -5
atau x ≥ 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) = 2<i>x<sup>3</sup></i>– 9<i>x<sup>2</sup></i>
+ 12<i>x </i>turun pada interval ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. x < 1
atau x > 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. 1 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>< <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>x <
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. x < -1
atau x > 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. -2 <
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>x < <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. x < <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-1 atau 1 < <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>x < 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Nilai stasioner fungsi <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) = <i>x<sup>2</sup></i> –
4<i>x </i>+ 9 adalah ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. 9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. 5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. -5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. -9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Grafik fungsi <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) = <i>x<sup>3</sup></i> + 3<i>x<sup>2</sup></i>
+ 5 turun untuk nilai-nilai ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. x < <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-2 atau x <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>> 0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. 0 < x
< 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. -2 <
x < 0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. x <
0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. tidak
ada yang memenuhi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Grafik fungsi <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) = 2<i>x<sup>3</sup></i> – 9<i>x<sup>2</sup></i>
+ 12<i>x </i>akan naik pada interval ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. 1 < x
< 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. x < -2
atau x > 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. -1 <
x < 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. -2 <
x < <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. x < 1
atau x > 2 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Nilai stasioner fungsi <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) = <i>x<sup>3</sup></i> –
3<i>x<sup>2</sup></i> –24<i>x </i>– 7 adalah ...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. -2 dan
4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. -35<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. 21 dan
– 87<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. 1, 21,
dan -77<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) =1/3<i>x<sup>3</sup></i> – 3<i>x<sup>2</sup></i>
+ 5<i>x </i>– 1 akan stasioner di <i>x </i>= ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. 2 dan 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. 1 dan 5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. -3 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Diketahui fungsi <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) = 2<i>x<sup>3</sup></i> – 2<i>x<sup>2</sup></i>
– 2<i>x </i>– 3. Grafik fungsi ini akan mempunyai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1) ekstrem
maksimum di (-1/3 , 1/27);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2) ekstrem
minimum di (1, –5);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3) titik
potong dengan sumbu <i>X </i>di (–3, 0);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4) titik
potong dengan sumbu <i>Y </i>di (0, –3).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pernyataan
yang benar adalah ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. 1, 2,
3, dan 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. 1,2,
dan 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. 1 dan 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. 2 dan 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Nilai minimum dan maksimum fungsi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">f</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(<i>x</i>)
= 8 + 3<i>x<sup>2</sup></i> – 3<i>x<sup>3</sup></i> berturut-turut adalah ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. 8 dan 8
</span><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:f><m:fPr><span style='font-family:
"Cambria Math","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Cambria Math";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r>4</m:r></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r>9</m:r></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -8.5pt; position: relative; top: 8.5pt;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter">
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0">
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1">
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1">
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2">
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0">
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0">
</v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas>
<v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f">
<o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 20.25pt; width: 4.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\ANIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. – 8 dan
20<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. 10 dan
12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d.-8 dan
10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. -8 dan 20<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Misalkan fungsi <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) = <i>x <sup>3</sup></i>-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:f><m:fPr><span
style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r>9</m:r></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r>2</m:r></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -8.5pt; position: relative; top: 8.5pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 20.25pt; width: 4.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\ANIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">x<sup>2</sup>+3. </span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Grafik
fungsi <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) turun pada interval ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. x < <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0 atau x > 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. 0 < <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>x < 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. -3 <
x < 0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. x <
0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. x > 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Nilai minimum fungsi <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) = <i>x<sup>3</sup></i> – 6<i>x<sup>2</sup></i>
pada<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">interval
tertutup –1 ≤ <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>x </i>≤<i> </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5 adalah ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. f(-1)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. f(0)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. f(2)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. f(4)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. f(5)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pernyataan berikut yang benar untuk grafik fungsi <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>)
= <i>x<sup>4</sup></i> – 32<i>x </i>adalah ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a.
mempunyai titik tertinggi (0, 0)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. mempunyai
titik terendah (2, –48)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c.
mempunyai titik belok di <i>x </i>= 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. fungsi
naik pada <i>x </i>< 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. fungsi
turun pada <i>x </i>> 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Kurva fungsi <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) = <i>x<sup>3</sup></i> + 3<i>x<sup>2</sup></i>
– 24<i>x </i>+ 12 bersifat naik untuk nilai-nilai <i>x </i>yang berada pada
interval ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. –4 <
<i>x </i>< 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. –2 <
<i>x </i>< 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. <i>x </i><
–4 atau <i>x </i>> 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. <i>x </i><
–2 atau <i>x </i>> 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. <i>x </i><
–2 atau <i>x </i>> 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi <i>f </i>ditentukan oleh <i>y </i>= <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) = <i>x
</i>+ </span><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:rad><m:radPr><m:degHide
m:val="on"/><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:
"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:radPr><m:deg></m:deg><m:e><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r>p</m:r></span></i><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r> </m:r></span></i><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r>-</m:r></span></i><span
style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin'><m:r><m:rPr><m:scr m:val="roman"/><m:sty m:val="p"/></m:rPr>2</m:r></span><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r>x</m:r></span></i></m:e></m:rad></m:oMath><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 18pt; width: 42pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\ANIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. Jika fungsi <i>f </i>mempunyai nilai
maksimum 4 maka nilai <i>p </i>= ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. 5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. 7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. 9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. 11<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) = 4<i>x<sup>3</sup></i> – 18<i>x<sup>2</sup></i>
+ 15<i>x </i>– 20 mencapai maksimum untuk nilai <i>x </i>= ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. ½<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. </span><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:f><m:fPr><span
style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r>3</m:r></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r>2</m:r></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -8.5pt; position: relative; top: 8.5pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 20.25pt; width: 4.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\ANIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d.</span><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r> </m:r></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r>5</m:r></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r>2</m:r></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -8.5pt; position: relative; top: 8.5pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 21pt; width: 6.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\ANIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Titik belok fungsi <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) = <i>x<sup>3</sup></i> – 9<i>x<sup>2</sup></i>
+ 27<i>x </i>– 31 adalah ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. (3, –4)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. (–3, –4)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. (–3, 5)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. (–4, 3)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. (–4,
–3)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">17.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Diketahui <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) = </span><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></m:r></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><span
style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r>1</m:r></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r>3</m:r></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -8.5pt; position: relative; top: 8.5pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 20.25pt; width: 6.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\ANIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">x<sup>3</sup></span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> + <i>ax<sup>2</sup></i>
– 2<i>x </i>+ 1. Fungsi <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) mempunyai nilai stasioner pada <i>x </i>=
–2 untuk nilai <i>a </i>= ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. -2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. 0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:f><m:fPr><span
style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r>1</m:r></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r>2</m:r></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -8.5pt; position: relative; top: 8.5pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 20.25pt; width: 4.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\ANIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. </span><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:f><m:fPr><span
style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r>3</m:r></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'><m:r>2</m:r></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -8.5pt; position: relative; top: 8.5pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 20.25pt; width: 4.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\ANIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">18.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fungsi yang ditentukan oleh <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">f</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(<i>x</i>)
= <i>x<sup>3</sup></i> + 6<i>x<sup>2</sup></i> – 15<i>x </i>turun pada interval
....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. –1 <
<i>x </i>< 5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. –5 ≤ <i>x
</i>≤ 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. –5 <
<i>x </i>< 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. <i>x </i><
–5 atau x > 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 20.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. <i>x </i>≤ –5 atau <i>x </i>≥ 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 20.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">19.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Nilai maksimum fungsi <i>f</i>(<i>x</i>) = <i>x<sup>3</sup></i> +
3<i>x<sup>2</sup></i> – 9<i>x </i>dalam interval – 3 ≤ <i>x </i>≤ 2 adalah ....<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. 25<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. 27<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. 29<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. 31<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 20.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. 33<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 20.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">20.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pada daerah asal 0 ≤ <i>x </i>≤ 2, kurva fungsi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>f</i>(<i>x</i>)= <i>x<sup>3</sup></i> – 2<i>x<sup>2</sup></i>
+ 1 ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. selalu
turun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. selalu
naik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. naik
kemudian turun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. turun
kemudian naik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e. turun
dan naik secara berulang</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>anis not sinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06269952390999671529noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3982516936731984804.post-73554206755160405312012-06-01T07:51:00.000-07:002012-06-01T07:51:12.730-07:00latihan UAS Biologi kelas VII<br />
<div class="Section1">
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Yang mau naik kelas VIII...yang mau naik kelas VIII...silahkan ini dikerjain..</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">kalo bisa insyallah naik kelas^^</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">good luck!!</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Latihan UAS Biologi Kelas VII<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Nama<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Hari/ Tanggal<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Silanglah
jawaban yang tepat!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Yang bukan
merupakan ciri-ciri makhluk hidup adalah .…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. bergerak <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>c.
bernapas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. tidur <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>d. iritabilitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Hewan di
bawah ini yang termasuk kelas Mamalia adalah ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. buaya dan kupu-kupu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. ular dan udang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. katak dan hiu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. kelelawar dan
paus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tanaman di
bawah ini yang termasuk tumbuhan biji terbuka adalah ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. kacang tanah <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>c. melinjo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. jagung <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>d. salak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Urutan
yang benar mengenai organisasi kehidupan dari yang kecil sampai yang terbesar
adalah .…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. sel–jaringan–sistem organ–organ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. sel–jaringan–organ–sistem organ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. sel–organ–jaringan–sistem organ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. sel–sistem
organ–jaringan organ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Apabila
terjadi gangguan pada organ ginjal, maka sistem yang akan terganggu adalah ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. sistem ekskresi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. sistem pencernaan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. sistem pernapasan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. sistem pendengaran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Organel
yang tidak dimiliki oleh sel hewan dari sel tumbuhan adalah….<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. inti sel<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>
c. sitoplasma<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. plastida <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>d. mitokondria<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ikan hiu hidup
di laut, belut dapat hidup di lumpur, dan kaktus dapat hidup di gurun. Hal ini
membuktikan bahwa makhluk hidup mempunyai tempat hidup yang sesuai yang disebut
.…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. lingkungan <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>c.
ekosistem<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. habitat <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>d. komunitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Gabungan
sekelompok kuda, sekelompok singa dan sekelompok rusa di padang rumput,
membentuk ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. ekosistem <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>c.
populasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. komunitas <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>d. individu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Manfaat
tumbuhan air dalam akuarium bagi komponen biotik lain adalah ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. keindahan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. menjernihkan air<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. suplai oksigen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. membuat teduh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Perhatikan rantai makanan berikut ini!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">fitoplankton -> zooplankton -> udang -> ikan kakap ->
ikan bara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Yang berperan sebagai produsen dalam rantai makanan tersebut
adalah ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. zooplankton<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. ikan bara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. ikan kakap<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. fitoplankton<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Kehidupan bersama antara paku saran dan pohon
yang ditumpanginya bersifat ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. komensalisme<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>c. mikoriza<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. mutualisme <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>d. parasitisme<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon di Jawa Barat
melindungi hewan endemik ….<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. babi hutan <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>c.
badak bercula satu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. harimau jawa <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>d. jerapah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pada tahun 2003, penduduk daerah X sebanyak
7.200.000 jiwa, dan pada tahun 2004 menjadi 7.020.000 jiwa, maka mortalitasnya
sebesar ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. 2,5<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>c.
18 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. 4<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>d.
25<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Kepadatan penduduk disebabkan oleh
faktor-faktor berikut ini, <i>kecuali </i>....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. mortalitas tinggi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. natalitas tinggi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c.
natalitas lebih tinggi daripada mortalitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. mortalitas
rendah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Selama tahun 2004 di desa Sukawangi terdapat
catatan bahwa jumlah kelahiran 30 jiwa, jumlah kematian 43 jiwa, pendatang 33
jiwa dan yang pergi 5 jiwa. Berapa pertumbuhan penduduk desa Sukawangi selama
tahun 2004?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. 15 jiwa <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>c.
19 jiwa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. 17 jiwa <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>d. 21 jiwa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ledakan penduduk mempunyai dampak negatif seperti
berikut ini, <i>kecuali </i>....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. terancamnya lingkungan hidup<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. meningkatnya pengangguran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. tersedianya lapangan kerja <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. terjadinya bahaya kelaparan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">17.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Keluarga Berencana (KB) bertujuan untuk
mengendalikan ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. kelahiran <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>c.
imigrasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. kematian <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>d.
emigrasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">18.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Faktor berikut akan meningkatkan angka
kematian suatu negara, <i>kecuali </i>....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. bencana alam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. peperangan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. buruknya kesehatan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. sanisitas yang
sehat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">19.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pemusnahan sampah organik dengan
mempertimbangkan keseimbangan lingkungan dilakukan dengan cara ....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. dibakar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. ditimbun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. dibiarkan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. dihanyutkan ke sungai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">20.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Lapisan ozon yang melingkupi bumi semakin
tipis akibat tingginya kadar CFC di udara. CFC terdapat pada benda berikut ini,
<i>kecuali </i>....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a. kosmetik berbentuk <i>spray<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">b. limbah cair pabrik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">c. gas pendingin mobil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">d. cat mobil berbentuk <i>spray</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">II.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Jawablah
pertanyaan-pertanyaan dibawah ini dengan tepat!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tuliskan fungsi bagian-bagian sel di bawah ini!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Membran
sel <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Mitokondria<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ribosom<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Inti sel<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Jawab:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1.________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2.________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3.________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4.________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Dalam ekosistem, mana yang seharusnya
lebih banyak, produsen atau konsumen? Mengapa?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Jawab:_____________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Apa yang dimaksud dengan dinamika
penduduk?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Jawab:_____________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Apakah virus termasuk kedalam makhluk
hidup? Jelaskan!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Jawab:_____________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Jelaskan jenis-jenis perpindahan
(migrasi)!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Jawab:_____________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sebutkan usaha-usaha yang dapat dilakukan
untuk menanggulangi pencemaran udara!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Jawab:_____________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Jelaskan perbedaan fungsi floem dan
xylem!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Jawab:______________________________________________________________________________________________ </span></div>
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<br /></div>anis not sinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06269952390999671529noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3982516936731984804.post-60636233623706374202012-06-01T07:29:00.001-07:002012-06-01T07:31:59.072-07:00Metode Taylor pada Matlab<div style="text-align: center;">
METODE TAYLOR PADA MATLAB</div>
<br />
nih buat yang lagi pada bingung apaa dan bagaimana sih metode taylor pada Matlab itu...<br />
cheidot yaa...<br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Metode Taylor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Pengertian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Metode Taylor adalah suatu metode
pendekatan yang menggunakan deret Taylor sebagai bentuk perbaikan nilai untuk
nilai fungsi secara keseluruhan pada penyelesaian persamaan differensial. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Deret
taylor merupakan teorema utama untuk menurunkan suatu metode numerik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter">
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0">
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</v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas>
<v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f">
<o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" style="height: 135pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 432.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Bentuk umum:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Andaikan fungsi
f dan semua turunannya, f’, f’’, f’’’,… pada selang [a,b]. Misalkan x<sub>o</sub>
ϵ[a,b], maka nilai x disekitar x<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;">o </span></span>adalah:<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI60VNb9_gcZrSCner6W2CMpKu_CCPgFOA8ualBS7nVhVft8qHVViCIKoL6GqH0yP7ZnNxksZNILLA7bFPGNV0Ad3G0SY3FLvJZ15YVuD7tLSSiTPZ0CMKn0wPYcVYF_YG5AuU80sPX_A/s1600/tay.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI60VNb9_gcZrSCner6W2CMpKu_CCPgFOA8ualBS7nVhVft8qHVViCIKoL6GqH0yP7ZnNxksZNILLA7bFPGNV0Ad3G0SY3FLvJZ15YVuD7tLSSiTPZ0CMKn0wPYcVYF_YG5AuU80sPX_A/s400/tay.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Algoritma<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">a.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Tentukan jumlah
iterasi (n) </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 16.5pt; width: 17.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">, jarak partisi (h) </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 16.5pt; width: 16.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\ANIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">b.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Tentukan </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 16.5pt; width: 12pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\ANIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> x0 dan y0</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">c.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Tentukan
turunan-turunan yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 16.5pt; width: 93.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\ANIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">d.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hasil dari
perhitungan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">3.<span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Penggunaan pada
MATLAB<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Contoh 1:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Misalkan:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">y’ = sin2x + 2y<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">y’’ = 2cos2x + 2y’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> = 2cos 2x +2sin2x + 4y<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">y’’’ = 4cos 2x + 8y<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">y’’’’ = 16 y<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">maka tulis pada
editor sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">y1=inline (</span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">'sin(2*x)
+2*y'</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">);</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">y2=inline(</span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">'2*cos(2*x) +
2 * sin (2*x) + 4*y '</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">);</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">y3=inline (</span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">'4*cos(2*x) +
8*y'</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">);</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">y4=inline (</span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">'16*y'</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">);</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">y0=0;</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">x0=1;</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">h=0.1;</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">n=10;</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">for</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;"> i = 1:n;</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;"> x(i)=x0 +i*h;</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;"> y(i)= y0 + (x(i)-x0)*y1(x0,y0) +
(x(i)-x0)^2*y2(x0,y0)/factorial(2) + (x(i)-x0)^3*y3(x0,y0)/factorial(3)+
(x(i)-x0)^4*y4(y0)/factorial(4);</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;"> disp(sprintf(</span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">'|%3g |%5.3f |%8.6f |'</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">,i,x(i),y(i)));</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">end</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt;">plot(x,y)</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hasil
dari program di atas sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;">>> taylor3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;">| 1 |1.100 |0.095584 |<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;">| 2 |1.200 |0.199366 |<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;">| 3 |1.300 |0.309682 |<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;">| 4 |1.400 |0.424867 |<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;">| 5 |1.500 |0.543257 |<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;">| 6 |1.600 |0.663188 |<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;">| 7 |1.700 |0.782993 |<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;">| 8 |1.800 |0.901010 |<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;">| 9 |1.900 |1.015572 |<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;">| 10 |2.000 |1.125017 |</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Grafiknya:</span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>anis not sinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06269952390999671529noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3982516936731984804.post-6057463704812050272012-06-01T07:02:00.001-07:002012-06-01T07:02:33.923-07:00anis not sina: Aku kehidupanku dan kimia<a href="http://nurmalianissina.blogspot.com/2011/10/normal-0-false-false-false.html?spref=bl">anis not sina: Aku kehidupanku dan kimia</a>: Ilmu kimia mempelajari bangun atau struktur materi dan perubahan – perubahan yang dialami materi ini dalam proses – proses alamiah maup...anis not sinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06269952390999671529noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3982516936731984804.post-89677494884206462972012-06-01T06:59:00.002-07:002012-06-01T06:59:45.122-07:00anis not sina: Lingkungan dan Lembaga Pendidikan<a href="http://nurmalianissina.blogspot.com/2011/10/lingkungan-dan-lembaga-pendidikan.html?spref=bl">anis not sina: Lingkungan dan Lembaga Pendidikan</a>: 1. Pengertian Lingkungan Pendidikan dan Lembaga Pendidikan Lingkungan pendidikan adalah segala sesuatu yang ada dan terjadi d...anis not sinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06269952390999671529noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3982516936731984804.post-74225562761257149652012-06-01T06:51:00.001-07:002012-06-01T06:51:15.424-07:00anis not sina: Aljabar Boolean<a href="http://nurmalianissina.blogspot.com/2011/10/aljabar-boolean.html?spref=bl">anis not sina: Aljabar Boolean</a>: Aljabar Boolean Misalkan terdapat - Dua operator biner: + dan × - Sebuah operator uner: ’. - B :...anis not sinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06269952390999671529noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3982516936731984804.post-62402062762654638882011-10-15T06:33:00.000-07:002011-10-15T06:33:40.853-07:00Lingkungan dan Lembaga Pendidikan<div style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="SV"><span>1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="SV">Pengertian Lingkungan Pendidikan dan
Lembaga Pendidikan</span></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="SV">Lingkungan pendidikan adalah
segala sesuatu yang ada dan terjadi di sekeliling proses pendidikan itu
berlangsung. Lingkungan pendidikan merupakan komponen yang sangat besar
pengaruhnya terhadap proses dan hasil pendidikan. Kita sadari sepenuhnya bahwa
proses pendidikan tidak dapat terjadi di tempat yang sama sekali kosong atau
hampa, tetapi terjadi dan dilakukan pada lingkungan pergaulan dengan segala ciri–cirinya.
Komponen lingkungan ini dalam pendidikan sebagai suatu sistem disebut <i>Environmental input</i>.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="SV"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3982516936731984804#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[1]</span></span></a></span><span lang="ES-PE"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE">Lembaga pendidikan,
yaitu lembaga yang mempunyai tanggung jawab dan peranan dalam usaha pencapaian
tujuan pendidikan yaitu pendewasaan diri manusia. Bila kita teliti mulai dari
masyarakat dan kebudayaan yang sederhana, maka lembaga-lembaga pendidikan itu
meliputi: lembaga keluarga, lembaga sekolah dan lembaga masyarakat. Ketiga akan
dibahas lebih lanjut pada pembahasan bentuk-bentuk lembaga pendidikan.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<ol start="2" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="SV">Macam-Macam Lingkungan Pendidikan</span></b></span></li>
</ol>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="SV">Lingkungan pendidikan dapat
dibedakan menjadi beberapa macam antara lain yaitu:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span>a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Lingkungan sosial</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Lingkungan
sosial adalah lingkungan masyarakat. Di lingkungan sosial ini terjadi proses
pergaulan antara anak dengan anak, anak dengan orang dewasa, orang dewasa
dengan orang dewasa. Dalam pergaulan ini sering terjadi pengaruh yang positif
dan negatif. Karena itu pendidikan harus selalu berusaha bagaimana agar anak
didik tidak “mempan” terhadap pengaruh yang negatif. Sebab pada dasarnya yang
dikatakan pendidikan hakikatnya selalu menuju ke hal yang baik. Karena itu
pengaruh buruk terhadap perkembangan pribadi manusia bukan merupakan hakikat
pendidikan. Pendidik harus dapat mengendalikan, mengontrol, mengarahkan,
bersikap hati–hati, waspada, bijaksana, kritis, selektif dan kreatif terhadap
segala kemungkinan yang terjadi dalam pergaulan yang bukan bersifat
pendidikan.<span> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Lingkungan alam</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Lingkungan
alam ini berupa keadaan geografis, klimatologis, atau segala sesuatu yang berada
di alam seperti misalnya: tumbuh–tumbuhan, hewan, batu–batuan, tanah, air,
cuaca, iklim, dan sebagainya. Hal ini juga berpengaruh terhadap proses dan
hasil pendidikan. Keadaan geografis dan klimatologis sangat mempengaruhi
perkembangan individu. Orang yang hidupnya di pantai (daerah pesisir) cenderung
lebih bersifat dinamis bila dibandingkan dengan orang di pedalaman.<span> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">c.<span> </span>Lingkungan kebudayaan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Lingkungan
kebudayaan dapat berupa benda–benda hasil budi daya manusia yang ada di sekitar
individu siswa. Bisa berupa: adat, <span lang="ES-PE">sopan santun, surat
kabar, film, majalah, video, <i>cassette</i>,
gambar–gambar/foto–foto dan sebagainya. Hal ini juga sangat besar pengaruhnya
terhadap proses dan hasil pendidikan. Karena masing–masing individu siswa yang
satu dengan yang lain berbeda, ada yang mudah terpengaruh hal–hal yang negatif,
namun ada juga yang dapat dengan mudah menghindari pengaruh negatif tersebut.
Untuk itu pendidikan harus berusaha semaksimal mungkin untuk membendung
pengaruh yang negatif tersebut.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span> </span>Ketiga
lingkungan pendidikan itu saling bersinergi dan berperan dalam rangka usaha
setiap siswa/mahasiswa mengembangkan dirinya. Lingkungan pendidikan ini juga
sangat memberikan pengaruh langsung terhadap usaha–usaha atau kegiatan
pendidikan.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> </span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3982516936731984804#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[2]</span></span></span></a><span lang="ES-PE"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span> </span>Faktor
lingkungan ini ada yang membagi menurut wujudnya dan ada pula yang membagi dan
menggolongkannya ke dalam lingkungan pendidikan. Menurut wujudnya milieu/
lingkungan ini dibagi menjadi empat bagian:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span>a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-PE">Lingkungan
berwujud manusia seperti orang tua/keluarga, teman–teman bermain, teman sekolah
dan kenalan-kenalan lain.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span>b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-PE">Lingkungan
kesenian berupa macam-macam pertunjukan seperti gambar hidup, wayang ketoprak,
sandiwara, dan lain-lain pertunjukan seperti yang ditayangkan di televisi.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span>c.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-PE">Lingkungan
berwujud kesustraan, seperti bermacam-macam tulisan, atau bacaan yang ada
dikoran, majalah dan buku-buku bacaan lainnya.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span>d.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-PE">Lingkungan
berwujud tempat yaitu seperti tempat tinggal dimana anak dibesarkan, iklim dan
tempat/daerah dimana anak tinggal dan lain-lain. (Bernadib, 1989:118-119).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE">Ada pula sementara pendidik yang
membagi milieu/lingkungan alam sekitar menjadi empat bagian, yaitu:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span>a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-PE">Lingkungan fisik/tempat seperti
keadaan iklim, kedaan tanah dan keadaan alam.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span>b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-PE">Lingkungan budaya yaitu warisan
budaya tertentu seperti bahasa, seni, ekonomi,ilmu pengetahuan, pandangan
hidup, keagamaan.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span>c.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-PE">Lingkungan sosial/masyarakat
(kelompok hidup bersama) seperti keluarga, kelompok bermain, desa perkumpulan.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>d.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Lingkungan
pendidikan yaitu lingkungan sekitar yang sengaja digunakan sebagai alat dalam
proses pendidikan seperti pakaian keadaan rumah, alat permainan, buku-buku,
alat peraga dan lain sebagainya (Wens Tanlain,dkk,1989:39-40)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Ki
Hajar Dewantara membagi faktor lingkungan ini menjadi tiga bagian yang terkenal
dengan istilah “Tri Pusat Pendidikan” , yaitu tiga pusat pendidikan, yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Lingkungan
keluarga</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span>b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Lingkungan
sekolah</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span>c.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Lingkungan
masyarakat/Organisasi Pemuda (Tim Dosen IKIP Malang, 1987:13-14; Wens
Tanlain,dkk, 1889: 41).<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3982516936731984804#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[3]</span></span></span></a></span></div>
<ol start="3" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Bentuk-Bentuk
Lembaga Pendidikan </b></span></li>
</ol>
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<br /></div>
<div class="ListParagraph" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>A.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Lembaga
Keluarga</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="IN">Keluarga adalah lembaga
sosial resmi yang terbentuk setelah adanya perkawinan. Keluarga juga merupakan
lembaga pendidikan yang pertama dan utama dalam masyarakat, karena keluarga
akan selalu mempengaruhi tumbuh dan berkembangnya watak, budi pekerti dan
kepribadian tiap-tiap manusia. Pendidikan dalam keluarga inilah yang akan
digunakan oleh anak sebagai dasar untuk mengikuti pendidikan selanjutnya di
sekolah.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="IN">Tugas dan tanggung jawab
orang tua dalam keluarga terhadap pendidikan anak-anaknya lebih bersifat
pembentukan watak dan budi pekerti, penanaman sikap dan nilai hidup,
pengembangan dan pembinaan bakat, minat serta kepribadian, latihan keterampilan
dan pendidikan kesosialan.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE">Fungsi dan peranan
pendidikan keluarga:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span>a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Pengalaman pertama masa kanak-kanak.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Lembaga
pendidikan keluarga memberikan pengalaman pertama yang berperan penting dalam
perkembangan anak. Di dalam keluargalah anak dididik mulai mengenal hidupnya.
Hal ini harus disadari oleh tiap keluarga, bahwa anak dilahirkan di dalam
lingkugan keluarga yang tumbuh dan berkembang sampai anak melepaskan diri dari
keluarga dan terjun ke masyarakat.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Menjamin kehidupan emosional anak.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Suasana
di dalam keluarga merupakan suasana yang diliputi rasa cinta dan kasih, suasana
yang aman dan tentram, suasana percaya mempercayai. Untuk itulah melalui
pendidikan keluarga ini, kehidupam emosional dapat dipenuhi atau dapat
berkembang dengan baik, hal ini dikarenakan adanya hubungan darah antara
pendidik dengan anak didik, sebab orang tuanya hanya menghadapi sedikit anak
didik dan karena didasarkan atas rasa cinta kasih sayang.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>c.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Menanamkan dasar
pendidikan moral.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Di
dalam keluarga juga merupakan penanaman utama dasar-dasar moral bagi anak, yang
biasanya tercermin dalam sikap dan perilaku orang tua sebagai teladan yang
dapat dicontoh anak. Biasanya tingkah laku, cara berbuat dan berbicara akan
ditiru oleh anak. Teladan ini melahirkan gejala identifikasi positif, yakni
penyamaan diri dengan orang yang ditiru dan hal ini penting sekali dalam rangka
pembentukan kepribadian.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>d.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Memberikan dasar
pendidikan sosial.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Di
dalam kehidupan keluarga, merupakan basis sangat penting dalam peletakan
dasar-dasar pendidikan sosial anak. Sebab pada dasarnya keluarga merupakan
lembaga sosial resmi yang terdiri dari ayah, ibu dan anak. Perkembangan
kesadaran sosial pada anak dapat dipupuk sedini mungkin, terutama lewat
keluarga yang penuh rasa tolong-mrnolong, bergotong royong, menolong saudara
atau tetangga yang sakit, bersama-sama menjaga ketertiban, kebersihan,
keserasian dalam segala hal.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">e.<span> </span>Peletakan dasar-dasar keagamaan.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Masa
kanak-kanak adalah masa yang paling baik untuk meresapkan dasar-dasar hidup
beragama, dalam hal ini tentu saja dalam keluarga. Anak-anak seharusnya
dibiasakan ikut serta ke masjid bersama-sama untuk melaksanakan ibadah,
mendengarkan khutbah. Kegiatan seperti ini besar sekali pengaruhnya terhadap
kepribadian anak. Kenyataan membuktikan bahwa anak yang semasa kecilnya tidak
tidak tahu menahu dengan hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan keagamaan maka setelah
dewasa mereka pun tidak ada perhatinnya terhadap hidup keagamaan. Kehidupan
dalam keluarga hendaknya memberikan kondisi kepada anak untuk mengalami suasana
hidup keagamaan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Undang-Undang
Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, Nomor 2 Tahun 1989, Pasal 10, ayat 4 dan
penjelasannya mengemukakan bahwa Pendidikan keluarga merupakan bagian dari
jalur pendidikan luar sekolah yang diselenggarakan dalam keluarga yang tugas
atau peranannya adalah untuk memberikan/menanamkan: keyakinan agama,
nilai-nilai budaya nilai-nilai moral dan keterampilan.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>B.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Lembaga
Sekolah</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="IN">Yang dimaksud pendidikan
sekolah ini adalah pendidikan yang diperoleh seseorang disekolah secara
teratur, sistematis, bertingkat dan dengan mengikuti syarat-syarat yang jelas
dan ketat (mulai dari taman kanak-kanak sampai perguruan tinggi). Sekolah
sebagai suatu konsep mempunyai dua pengertian yaitu:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="IN"><span>1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN">Sekolah dalam arti suatu bangunan dengan
segala perlengkapannya sebagai lembaga pendidikan. Sebagai lembaga pendidikan
sekolah mempunyai pengertian yang hakiki, yaitu:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="IN"><span>a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN">Sekolah merupakan lembaga formal yang
berdasarkan undang-undang negara sebagai lingkungan pendidikan.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="IN"><span>b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN">Sekolah adalah lembaga pendidikan yang
mempunyai organisasi yang tersusun rapi.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="IN"><span>c.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN">Sekolah merupakan suatu sistem dengan
komponen-komponen dan memiliki keterkaitan dengan sistem-sistem lain. Pola
hubungan dengan sistem lain diwarnai dengan informasi timbal–balik; mekanisme
umpan balik berpengaruh terhadap lingkungan sekolah.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="IN"><span>d.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN">Sekolah sebagai pusat pendidikan formal
merupakan perangkat masyarakat yang diserahi kewajiban pemberian pendidikan.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="IN"><span>e.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN">Sekolah sebagai perangkat/institusi masyarakat
yang ditata dan dikelola secara formal, mengikuti haluan yang pasti yang
tercermin di dalam falsafat dan tujuan, pnjenjangan, kurikulum,
pengadministrasiannya, dan pengelolaannya. (Wens Tanlain,dkk,1989:41; Tim Dosen
IKIP Malang, 1987:146)<span> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="IN">2.<span> </span>Sekolah sebagai proses atau kegiatan belajar
mengajar.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3982516936731984804#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[4]</span></span></span></a><span> <span lang="IN">Ada beberapa karakteristik proses
pendidikan yang berlangsung disekolah ini, antara lain:</span></span></span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Pendidikan
dilaksanakan secara khusus dan dibagi atas jenjang yang memiliki hubungan
hierarki.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Usia
anak didik disuatu jenjang pendidikan relatif homogen.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>c.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Waktu
pendidikan relatif lama sesuai dengan program pendidikan yang harus
diselesaikan.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>d.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Materi
atau isi pendidikan lebih banyak bersifat akademis dan umum.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>e.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Adanya
penekanan tentang kualitas pendidikan sebagai jawaban terhadap kebutuhan dimasa
yang akan datang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="IN">Sebagai lembaga pendidikan
formal, sekolah yang lahir dan berkembang secara efektif dan efisien dari dan
oleh serta untuk masyarakat, merupakan perangkat yang berkewajiban memberikan
pelayanan dalam mendidik warga negara.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Sekolah merupakan lembaga pendidikan kedua setelah keluarga.
Sifat-sifat pendidikan disekolah antara lain sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Pendidikan
kedua (tumbuh sesudah keluarga).</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Dalam
sebuah keluarga tidak selamanya tersedia kesempatan dan kesanggupan memberikan
pendidikan kepada anak-anaknya, sehingga keluarga menyerahkan tanggung jawabnya
kepada sekolah. Di sekolah anak-anak dapat memperoleh kecakapan-kecakapan
seperti membaca, menulis, berhitung, menggambar serta ilmu-ilmu lainnya.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Lembaga
pendidikan formal.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Dinamakan
lembaga pendidikan formal karena sekolah memiliki bentuk yang jelas, dalam arti
memiliki program yamg telah direncanakan dengan teratur dan telah ditetapkan
dengan resmi. Misalnya, di sekolah ada rencana pelajaran, jam pelajaran, dan
peraturan lainnya yang menggambarkan bentuk dari program sekolah secara
keseluruhan.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>c.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Lembaga
pendidikan yang tidak bersifat kodrati.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Lembaga pendidikan didirikan tidak atas
dasar hubungan darah antara guru dan murid seperti halnya di keluarga, tetapi
berdasarkan hubungan yang bersifat kedinasan. Murid juga tidak secara kodrat
harus mengikuti pendidikan sekolah tertentu, karena itu sekolah merupakan
pendidikan yang tidak bersifat kodrat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE">Selain itu sekolah
juga memiliki fungsi dan peranan tertentu. Sebagaimana yang disebutkan Suwarno
adalah sebagai berikut:</span></span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Mengembangkan
kecerdasan pikiran dan memberikan pengetahuan.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Spesialisasi. Sekolah mempunyai
fungsi sebagai lembaga sosial yang spesialisasinya dalam bidang pendidikan dan
pengajaran.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>c.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Efisiensi. Terdapatnya sekolah
sebagai lembaga sosial yang berspesialisasi dibidang pendidikan dan pengajaran
dalam masyarakat menjadi lebih efisien, salah satu alasannya adalah seumpama
tidak ada sekolah maka pekerjaan mendidik harus dipikul oleh keluarga, maka hal
ini menjadi tidak efisien sebab orang tua sudah sibuk dengan pekerjaannya.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>d.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Sosialisasi. Sekolah berperan
penting dalam proses sosialisasi, sebab bagaimanapun pada akhirnya ia berada
dimasyarakat.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>e.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Konservasi dan transmisi
kultural. Fungsi lain dari sekolah adalah memelihara warisan budaya yang hidup
dalam masyarakat dengan menyampaikannya (transmisi kultural) kepada generasi
muda (anak didik).</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>f.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Transmisi
dari rumah ke masyarakat. Ketika berada di keluarga, kehidupan anak masih
bergantung kepada orang tua, maka setelah memasuki sekolah dimana ia mendapatkan
kesempatan untuk melatih tanggung jawab sebagai persiapan sebelum ke
masyarakat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>C.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Masyarakat<span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Masyarakat diartikan
sebagai satu bentuk tata kehidupan sosial dan tata budaya sendiri. Dalam arti
ini masyarakat adalah wadah wahana pendidikan; medan kehidupan manusia yang majemuk (suku,
agama, kegiatan kerja, tingkat ekonomi, sosial ekonomi dan sebagainya). Manusia
berada dalam multikompleks antarhubungan dan antaraksi di dalam masyarakat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Dalam konteks
pendidikan maasyarakat merupakan lingkungan ketiga setelah keluarga dan
sekolah. Pendidikan yang dialami dalam masyarakat ini, telah dimulai ketika
anak-anak untuk beberapa waktu setelah lepas dari asuhan keluarga dan berada di
luar dari pendidikan sekolah.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraph" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Corak
dan ragam pendidikan yang dialami seseorang dalam masyarakat banyak sekali
meliputi segala bidang, baik pembentukan kebiasaan-kebiasaan, pembentukan
pengertian-pengertian (pengetahuan), sikap dan minat, maupun pembentukan
kesusilaan dan keagamaan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="IN">Pendidikan yang diselenggarakan oleh masyarakat
atau yang dikenal dengan jalur pendidikan luar sekolah memiliki beberapa
istilah didalam pelaksanaannya, sebagai berikut:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="IN"><span>a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN">Pendidikan sosial, merupakan proses yang
diusahakan di dalam masyarakat untuk mendidik individu dalam lingkungan sosial,
supaya bebas dan beratnggung jawab menjadi pendorong ke arah perubahan dan
kemajuan.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="IN"><span>b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN">Pendidikan masyarakat, merupakan
pendidikan yang ditujukan kepada orang dewasa, termasuk pemuda yang diluar
batas umur kewajiban belajar, dan dilakukan diluar lingkungan dan sistem
persekolahan resmi.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="IN"><span>c.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN">Pendidikan rakyat, adalah
tindakan-tindakan atau pengaruh yang kadang-kadang mengenai seluruh rakyat,
tetapi biasanya khusus mengenai rakyat lapisan bawah.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>d.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Pendidikan luar sekolah, adalah pendidikan yang
dilakukan diluar sistem persekolahan biasa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>e.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><i>Mass education</i>, merupakan pendidikan yang
ditujukan kepada orang dewasa diluar lingkungan sekolah yang bertujuan
memberikan kecakapan baca tulis dan pengetahuan umum untuk dapat mengikuti
perkembangan dan kebutuhan hidup sekitarnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>f.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><i>Adult education</i>, adalah pndidikan untuk orang
dewasa yang mengambil umur batas tertingi dari masa kewajiban belajar.
Pengertian ini mengacu pada anak-anak yang tidak tertampung di sekolah dasar
yang telah berusia dewasa dan untuk para <i>drop
out</i>.<sup>5</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Lembaga pendidikan
yang diselenggarakan oleh masyarakat adalah salah satu unsur pelaksana azas
pendidikan seumur hidup. Pendidikan yang dilakukan di lingkungna keluarga dan
sekolah terbatas, dimasyarakatlah orang akan meneruskannya hingga akhir
hidupnya. Segala pengetahuan<span> </span>dan
keterampilan yang diperoleh di lingkungan pendidikan keluarga dan di lingkungan
sekolah akan dapat berkembang dan dirasakan manfaatnya dalam masyarakat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Tanggung jawab masyarakat terhadap pendidikan sebenarnya masih belum
jelas, tidak sejelas tanggung jawab pendidikan di lingkungan keluarga dan di
lingkungan sekolah. Hal ini disebabkan karena waktu pergaulan terbatas,
hubungannya hanya pada waktu-waktu tertentu, sifat pergaulannya bebas dan
isinya sangat kompleks dan beragam. Meskipun demikian, masyarakat mempunyai
peran yang besar dalam pelasanaan pendidikan nasional. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="height: 10px; left: -1px; position: relative; top: 8px; width: 122px; z-index: 1;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="122" /></span> </span></div>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; font-size: small;"><br clear="ALL" /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="ES-PE"><br /></span></sup><span lang="SV"></span><span lang="SV"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="SV">Peran masyarakat itu antara
lain menciptakan suasana yang dapat menunjang pelaksanaan pendidikan nasional,
ikut menyelenggarakan pendidikan non pemerinta (swasta), membantu pengadaan
tenaga, biaya, sarana, dan prasarana, menyediakan lapangan pekerjaan, membantu
pengembangan profesi baik secara langsung ataupun tidak langsung.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Peran masyarakat tersebut dilaksanakan melalui jalur-jalur:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span>1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-PE">Perguruan swasta</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE">Yang dimaksud perguruan swasta yaitu
usaha –usaha dari masyarakat yang secara langsung mengelola dan
menyelenggarakan pendidikan formal. Perguruan swasta dapat menyelenggarakan
semua jenis dan jenjang pendidikan, kecuali pendidikan kedinasan di lingkungan
pemerintah. Dalam melaksanakan tugasnya perguruan swasta berkewajiban
melaksanakan ketentuan – ketenatuan pokok pendidikan nasional separti,
peraturan perundang-undangan, standardisasi dan akreditasi. Oleh karena itu,
perguruan swasta harus dikelola oleh suatu lembaga yang berbentuk badan hukum,
sehingga hak dan kewajibannya, kelangsungan pertumbuhannya, mempunyai dukungan
yang mantap. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span>2.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-PE">Dunia usaha</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE">Sebagai bagian dari masyarakat,
dunia usaha mempunyai kaitan yang erat dengan unsur-unsur kehidupan masyarakat
lainnya, termasuk disini adalah pendidikan. Hubungan dunia usaha dengan
pendidikan dapat dilihat dari dua segi yaitu:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span>a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-PE">Dunia usaha sebagai konsumen
pendidikan, dalam arti dunia usaha memanfaatkan dan mengambil dari hasil
pendidikan yang berupa lulusan.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span>b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-PE">Dunia usaha sebagai pengembang dan
pelaksana dalam penyelenggaraan sistem pendidikan.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE">Peran dunia usaha dalam
penyelenggaraan sistem pendidikan nasional dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara
misalnya, melaksanakan sistem magang, membentuk konsorsium pengadaan dana yang
dapat dimanfaatkan untuk usaha-usaha pendidikan, menyediakan fasilitas untuk
kepentingan pendidikan dan latihan, mengadakan latihan prajabatandan penataran,
mengadakan program pendidikan kemasyarakatan (seperti wajib menyelenggarakan
pendidikan minimum untuk karyawannya), dan mengadakan kerjasama dengan
sekolah-sekolah kejuruan dan lembaga pendidikan<span>
</span>lainnya.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span>3.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-PE">Kelompok profesi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE">Di dalam masyarakat yang sedang
membangun, keterampilan dan keahlian sangat diperlukan, sehingga dengan
sendirinya kelompok profesi menjadi sangat penting dan menentukan. Kita sadari
bahwa pembinaan keterampilan dan keahlian ini adalah merupakan bidang garap
dalam proses pendidikan. Karena itu peranan kelompok profesi menjadi penting
pula dalam pelaksanaan sistem pendidikan nasional.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE">Peran kelompok profesi dalam sistem
pendidikan nasional antara lain adalah merencanakan dan menyelenggarakan
latihan keterampilan dan keahlian, menjamin dan menguji kualitas keterampilan
dan keahlian tersebut, dan menyediakan tenaga–tenaga pendidikan untuk berbagai
jenis pendidikan, terutama pendidikan kemasyarakatan dan pendidikan
khusus.<span> </span><span> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span> </span>4.<span> </span>Lembaga
swasta lainnya.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE">Selain peranan perguruan swasta,
dunia usaha dan kelompok profesi, di dalam masyarakat berkembang pula
lembaga-lembaga swasta nasional yang mengelola dan menyelenggarakan
kegiatan-kegiatan sosial, kebudayaan, keagamaan, penelitian, keterampilan dan
keahlian.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE">Peran lembaga swasta nasional itu
terutama diharapkan dalam rangka pelaksanaan pendidikan kemasyarakatan melalui
kegiatan-kegiatan yang mempunyai efek sosial.<sup>6</sup></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="ES-PE"> </span></sup></span><span style="font-size: small;">Sumber</span>
</div>
<div style="color: blue; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3982516936731984804#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[1]</span></span></span></a><span> <span lang="ES-PE">Ekosusilo, Madyo dan
Kasihadi, RB.<i>Dasar-Dasar Pendidikan</i>.hlm
51-52</span></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3982516936731984804#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[2]</span></span></span></a><span> <sup><span> </span></sup><span lang="ES-PE">Ekosusilo, Madyo dan Kasihadi, RB.<i>Dasar-Dasar Pendidikan</i>.hlm 51-52</span></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3982516936731984804#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[3]</span></span></span></a><span lang="FR"> Sabri,Alisuf. <i>Pengantar Ilmu Pendidikan.</i>cet-1. hlm. 19-20</span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3982516936731984804#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[4]</span></span></span></a><span lang="FR"> Sabri,Alisuf. <i>Pengantar Ilmu Pendidikan.</i>cet-1. hlm. 26-27</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="FR">[5] </span><sup><span lang="ES-PE"></span></sup><span lang="ES-PE"> </span><span lang="SV">Hasbullah. <i>Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Pendidikan</i>. 1997.
Jakarta: Rajawali Perss.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><sup><span lang="ES-PE">6 </span></sup><span lang="ES-PE">Ekosusilo, Madyo dan R.B.
Kasihati. 1997. <i>Dasar-Dasar Pendidikan</i>.
Semarang : Effhar Publishing. Hlm. 76-78</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="SV"> </span><span lang="FR"> </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
</div>anis not sinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06269952390999671529noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3982516936731984804.post-42586463420267419932011-10-15T06:17:00.000-07:002011-10-15T06:18:21.361-07:00Aku kehidupanku dan kimia<div style="color: blue;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Ilmu kimia mempelajari bangun atau struktur materi dan perubahan –
perubahan yang dialami materi ini dalam proses – proses alamiah maupun dalam
eksperimen yang di rencanakan. Melalui kimia kita dapat mengenal susunan atau
komposisi zat dan penggunaan bahan –
bahan tak bernyawa, baik alamiah maupun buatan, dan mengenal proses – proses
penting dalam benda hidup. Termasuk tubuh kita sendiri.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Kimia terbagi secara lebih merata antara pengetahuan teoritis dan
praktis, dibandingkan kebanyakan ilmu lain. Di satu pihak, teori mengenai
prilaku elektron nampaknya tak banyak bersangkutan dalam kehidupan kita sehari
– hari. Di pihak lain, para ahli kimia membantu menciptakan dan memproduksi
kebanyakan bahan yang dinikmati oleh masyarakat modern.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Meskipun ilmu kimia merupakan bagian pendidikan umum selama beberapa
generasi, dewasa ini ilmu ini memegang peranan penting dalam membentuk
peradaban kita. Konsep – konsep falsafah kita mengenai sifat dasar kehidupan
itu sendiri, produksi makanan, obat dan senjata, pengaruh kita dalam lingkungan
yang memberi makan dan mendukung kita- semuanya ini dan praktis semua lainnya
yang penting bagi kita, telah dipengaruhi oleh pengembangan ilmu kimia oleh
manusia. Pengetahuan umum akan dampak ilmu kimia memeng sudah wajar. Dalam 45
tahun yang terakhir ini penduduk dunia telah menjadi dua kali lipat dan di duga
akan melipat dua lagi dalam waktu 25 tahun mendatang. Salah satu sebab utama
dari laju pertumbuhan yang dipercepat ini adalah penerapan pengetahuan kimia dalam
bidang kedokteran dan pertanian. Perkembangan obat – obatan yang meningkatkan
kesehatan dan antibiotika untuk mengendalikan penyakit dan infeksi sebagian
besar di dasarkan pada penelitian kimia. Pupuk dan insektida yang meningkatkan
produksi makanan untuk memberi makan populasi yang makin meningkat itu
ditemukan lewat penerapan pengetahuan kimia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Dewasa ini perhatian yang dicurahkan
pada ekologi, lingkungan dan krisis energi, membangkitkan keprihatinan
yang meluas akan masalah – masalah kimia oleh masyarakat umum. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Bertambah banyaknya manusia yang menghuni planet ini dan meningkatnya
penggunaan sumber daya bahan untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup mengakibatkan
perubahan lingkungan yang membahayakan. Peracunan persediaan air, oleh residu –
residu insektisida dan pemusnahan rerumputan, pencemaran udara oleh reaksi
kimia yang berlangsung selama pembakaran bahan bakar, terbunuhnya hewan dan
tumbuhan oleh limbah proses industri semuanya ini merupakan masalah modern
dengan nada ikatan kimia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Pertumbuhan ekonomi negara industri besar dengan cepat menggunakan sumber
energi dan menghasilkan limbah yang melimpah yang mengancam untuk merusakkan
kesetimbangan kimiawi alam ini. Kesetimbangan yang paling merupakan
keprihatinan kita adalah yang berlangsung dalam zone di dekat permukaan bumi,
yang disebt biosfer, zone yang di huni makhluk hidup. Biosfer itu relatif
merupakan lapisan tipis di dekat permukan bumi. Dari analisis tumbuhan dan
hewan hidup, ahli kimia telah mengidentifikasi jutaan aneka zat. Cuplikan zat –
zat yang tidak berkaitan dengan makhluk hidup telah di peroleh dari dalam
atmosfer, samudera dan kerak bumi yang dapat di cuplik dengan membor sumur dan
teknik – teknik langsung lainnya. Jumlah keseluruhan zat – zat unik yang kini
di kenal, baik yang terdapat dalam alam maupun yang dibuat secara sintesis
dalam laboratorium kimia, sekitar 4 juta.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Memahami dan mengendalikan perubahan yang berlangsung dengan skala
raksasa dalam suatu sistem yang serumit biosfer bumi, memang merupakan
tantangan yang sukar. Meskipun begitu, dewasa ini kebanyakan ilmuan
berpandangan optimistik, bukannya penuh rasa kalah, untuk melindungi lingkungan
dan mengembangkan cara – cara yang lebih aman untuk memproduksi energi.
Misalnya suatu pemahaman kimia yang terlibat, merupakan kunci untuk merancang
alat – alat yang meminimalkan zat – zat yang tak di inginkan dari dalam mesin
mobil. Ahli kimia memainkan peranan penting dalam mencari cara – cara agar
produk buangan tidak terlalu merusak dan dalam mengembangkan teknik – teknik baru
untuk menggunakan sumber energi baik nuklir, matahari maupun tumbuhan hijau.
Filsuf Gary Wiils mencatat bahwa keprihatinan lingkungan kita dewasa ini,
seperti senantiasa, adalah terhadap bumi, udara, bahan bakar, dan air.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> Dalam sindiran propokatif terhadap
keempat unsur yang dikenal oleh orang – orang kuno, kita peroleh suatu petunjuk
mengenai besarnya pengaruh perspektif kimia pada kehidupan kita.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Kemajuan ilmu kimia ini mendukung perkembangan teknologi yang pada
gilirannya dapat menaikkan kesejahteraan ku sebagai manusia. Namun demikian,
hasil kimia yang banyak ini bila tidak diarahkan pemanfaatannya akan
merugikanku juga, bahkan dapat menghancurkan peradabanku sendiri. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Beberapa penemuan yang dapat merugikan misalnya senjata nuklir, senjata
kimia dan bilogis yang dapat menimbulkan pencemaran udara, air dan tanah
sehingga dapat mengganggu keseimbangan dan keserasian lingkungan hidup. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Pada dasarnya hasil ilmu kimia memang netral, tapi pemanfaatannya yang
tak terarah dan terkendali oleh nilai – nilai kemanusiaan adalah sangat
berbahaya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Demikian pula, meskipun hasil ilmu ikimia netral, tapi keputusan untuk
melakukan atau tidak melakukan eksperimen dan keputusan untuk memilih fakta
yang di perlukan adalah tidak bebas dari nilai. Dan disini lah perlunya dan
peranan aku dalam menciptakan nilai kemanusiaan yang luhur untuk menuntun
perkembangan dan pemanfaatan ilmu kimia kearah yang lebih benar. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Jadi kesimpulannya adalah bahwa sejak dulu bahkan sampai saat ini antara
aku, kimia, dan kehidupan tidak dapat di pisahkan. Mereka selalu berikatan dan
mempunyai hubungan yang sangat erat. Disamping ilmu kimia dapat meningkatkan
kesejahteraan dan taraf hidup aku dan kehidupan, kimia juga membawa resiko terhadap
aku dan kehidupan. Namun, dengan ilmu kimia itu pula resiko yang muncul tersebut
dapat di minimalisir.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Pada intinya, akulah yang bertugas mengembangkan dan mengarahkan kimia
dengan landasan nilai – nilai kemanusiaan yang luhur, sedangkan ilmu kimia yang
berkembang dan terarah dapat menyejahterakan kehidupanku. Selesai...</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div>anis not sinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06269952390999671529noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3982516936731984804.post-66068213971203391272011-10-15T06:13:00.000-07:002011-10-15T06:14:07.434-07:00Aljabar Boolean<blockquote style="color: #351c75;">
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<div class="MsoTitle" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Aljabar Boolean</b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoSubtitle" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span> <span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"></span></span>Misalkan terdapat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 53.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span>-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span>Dua operator biner: + dan </span><span><span>×</span></span><span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 53.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span>-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span>Sebuah operator uner: ’.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 53.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span>-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><i><span lang="ES-PE">B</span></i><span lang="ES-PE"> : himpunan yang didefinisikan pada opeartor +, </span><span><span>×</span></span><span lang="ES-PE">,
dan ’</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 53.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span>-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-PE">0 dan 1 adalah dua elemen
yang berbeda dari <i>B</i>. </span></span></div>
<h2 style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE">Tupel</span></span></h2>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span> </span>(<i>B</i>, +, </span><span><span>×</span></span><span lang="ES-PE">, ’)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE">disebut
<b>aljabar Boolean</b> jika untuk setiap <i>a</i>,
<i>b</i>, <i>c</i> </span><span><span>Î</span></span><span> <i><span lang="ES-PE">B</span></i><span lang="ES-PE"> berlaku aksioma-aksioma atau postulat Huntington berikut:</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1. <i>Closure</i>:<span> </span>(i)<span> </span><i>a</i> +
<i>b</i> </span><span><span>Î</span></span><span> <i>B</i><span><span> </span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span>(ii) <i>a</i>
</span><span><span>×</span></span><span> <i>b</i> </span><span><span>Î</span></span><span> <i>B</i><span><span> </span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>2. Identitas:<span> </span>(i)<span>
</span><i>a</i> + 0 = <i>a</i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span>(ii) <i>a</i>
</span><span><span>×</span></span><span> 1 = <i>a</i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>3. Komutatif:<span> </span>(i)<span>
</span><i>a</i> + <i>b</i> = <i>b</i> + <i>a</i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span>(ii)<span> </span><i>a</i><span> </span></span><span><span>×</span></span><span> <i>b</i> = <i>b</i> . <i>a</i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>4. Distributif:<span> </span>(i)<span>
</span><i>a</i> </span><span><span>×</span></span><span> (<i>b</i>
+ <i>c</i>) = (<i>a</i> </span><span><span>×</span></span><span> <i>b</i>) + (<i>a</i> </span><span><span>×</span></span><span> <i>c</i>)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span>(ii)<span> </span><i>a</i> +
(<i>b</i> </span><span><span>×</span></span><span> <i>c</i>) = (<i>a</i> + <i>b</i>) </span><span><span>×</span></span><span> (<i>a</i> + <i>c</i>)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>5. Komplemen<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3982516936731984804#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span></span></span></span></span></a>:<span> </span>(i)<span> </span><i>a</i> + <i>a</i>’
= 1 </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span><span> </span>(ii)<span> </span><i>a</i> </span><span><span>×</span></span><span> <i>a</i>’
= 0</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> <span><span>·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span>Untuk mempunyai sebuah aljabar Boolean, harus diperlihatkan:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 6pt 0cm 6pt 53.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span>1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span>Elemen-elemen himpunan <i>B</i>,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span>2.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span>Kaidah operasi untuk
operator biner dan operator uner,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 53.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span>3.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span>Memenuhi postulat
Huntington.</span></span></div>
</blockquote>
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<div class="MsoHeading9" style="color: #351c75;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Aljabar Boolean Dua-Nilai </b></span></div>
<span style="color: #351c75; font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #351c75; font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>Aljabar Boolean dua-nilai:</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #351c75; font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span>-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><i><span>B</span></i><span> = {0, 1}</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #351c75; font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span>-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span>operator biner, + dan </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #351c75; font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span>-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span>operator uner, ’</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #351c75; font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span>-<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span>Kaidah untuk operator biner dan operator uner: </span></span></div>
<span style="color: #351c75; font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #351c75; font-size: small;">
</span><div style="color: #351c75;">
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<w:PunctuationKerning/>
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mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
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<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; color: #351c75; margin-left: 19.6pt;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>A</span></i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>b</span></i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>a </span></i><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><i><span> b</span></i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>a</span></i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>b</span></i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>a</span></i><span>
+ <i>b</i></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>a</span></i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>a</span></i><span>’</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-right: medium none; border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt medium medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-right: medium none; border-style: solid none none; border-width: 1pt medium medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.75pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 35.45pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span> </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></td>
<td style="border: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #351c75; font-size: small;">
</span><div style="color: #351c75;">
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<div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>Cek
apakah memenuhi postulat Huntington:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 17.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span>1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><i><span>Closure</span></i><span> :<span> </span>jelas berlaku </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 17.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span>2.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-PE">Identitas: jelas berlaku
karena dari tabel dapat kita lihat bahwa:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(i)<span> </span>0 + 1 = 1 + 0 = 1 </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(ii) 1 </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> 0<span> </span>= 0
</span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> 1 = 0</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 6pt 17.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span>3.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span>Komutatif:<span> </span>jelas berlaku dengan melihat simetri tabel
operator biner.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span>4.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span><span> </span>Distributif: (i) <i>a</i> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> (<i>b</i> + <i>c</i>) = (<i>a</i> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> <i>b</i>) + (<i>a</i> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> <i>c</i>)
dapat ditunjukkan benar dari tabel operator biner di atas<span> </span>dengan membentuk tabel kebenaran: </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 26.7pt;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>a</span></i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>b</span></i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>c</span></i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>b</span></i><span>
+ <i>c</i></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" width="104">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>a</span></i><span> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> (<i>b</i>
+ <i>c</i>)</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>a</span></i><span>
</span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> <i>b</i></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>a</span></i><span>
</span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> <i>c</i></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" width="151">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(<i>a</i> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> <i>b</i>) + (<i>a</i> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> <i>c</i>)</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.25pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 204, 204); border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(ii) Hukum distributif <i>a</i> + (<i>b</i>
</span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> <i>c</i>)
= (<i>a</i> + <i>b</i>) </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> (<i>a</i> + <i>c</i>) dapat ditunjukkan
benar dengan membuat tabel kebenaran dengan cara yang sama seperti (i).</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.8pt;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.8pt;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span>5.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-PE">Komplemen: jelas berlaku
karena Tabel 7.3 memperlihatkan bahwa:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 17.85pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span> </span>(i)<span> </span><i>a</i> + <i>a</i>‘
= 1, karena 0 + 0’= 0 + 1 = 1 dan 1 + 1’= 1 + 0 = 1 </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span> </span>(ii) <i>a</i> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> <i><span lang="ES-PE">a</span></i><span lang="ES-PE"> = 0, karena 0 </span></span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span lang="ES-PE"> 0’= 0 </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span lang="ES-PE"> 1 = 0 dan 1 </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span lang="ES-PE"> 1’ = 1 </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span lang="ES-PE"> 0 = 0<span> </span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.7pt;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE">Karena
kelima postulat Huntington dipenuhi, maka terbukti bahwa <i>B</i> = {0, 1}
bersama-sama dengan operator biner + dan </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span lang="ES-PE"> operator komplemen ‘ merupakan aljabar Boolean. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
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</span></div>
<div class="MsoHeading9">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>Ekspresi Boolean</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span>Misalkan (<i>B</i>, +, </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span>, ’) adalah sebuah aljabar
Boolean. Suatu ekspresi Boolean dalam (<i>B</i>, +, </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span>, ’) adalah:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(i)<span> </span>setiap elemen di dalam <i>B</i>,</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE">(ii)<span> </span>setiap peubah,</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE">(iii) jika <i>e</i><sub>1</sub> dan <i>e</i><sub>2</sub>
adalah ekspresi Boolean, maka <i>e</i><sub>1</sub> + <i>e</i><sub>2</sub>, <i>e</i><sub>1</sub>
</span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> <i><span lang="ES-PE">e</span></i><sub><span lang="ES-PE">2</span></sub><span lang="ES-PE">, <i>e</i><sub>1</sub>’ adalah
ekspresi Boolean</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span> </span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>Contoh: </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span>0</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span>1</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span><i>a</i></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span><i>b</i></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span><span> </span>c</span></i><span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span><i>a</i>
+ <i>b</i></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span><i>a</i>
</span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> <i>b</i></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span><i>a</i>’</span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> (<i>b</i> + <i>c</i>)</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span><i>a</i>
</span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> <i>b</i>’ + <i>a </i></span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> <i>b </i></span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> <i>c</i>’ + <i>b</i>’, dan
sebagainya</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoHeading7" style="margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>Mengevaluasi Ekspresi Boolean</span></i></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span>Contoh:<span> </span><i>a</i>’</span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> (<i>b</i> + <i>c</i>)</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span> </span>jika <i>a</i> = 0, <i>b</i> = 1,
dan <i>c</i> = 0, maka hasil evaluasi ekspresi: </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span> </span></span><span>0’</span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> (1 + 0) = 1 </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> 1 = 1</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span>Dua ekspresi Boolean dikatakan <b>ekivalen</b> (dilambangkan dengan
‘=’) jika keduanya mempunyai nilai yang sama untuk setiap pemberian nilai-nilai
kepada <i>n</i> peubah. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>Contoh:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span><i>a</i> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> (<i>b</i> + <i>c</i>) = (<i>a</i> . <i>b</i>)
+ (<i>a</i> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> <i>c</i>)</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span>Contoh.</span></b><span> Perlihatkan bahwa <i>a</i> + <i>a</i>’<i>b</i> = <i>a</i>
+ <i>b</i> .<span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><u><span>Penyelesaian</span></u><span>:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><h4 style="text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span></span></span></h4>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 12.5pt;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>a</span></i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>b</span></i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>a</span></i><span>’</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>a</span></i><span>’<i>b</i></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>a</span></i><span> + <i>a</i>’<i>b</i></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>a</span></i><span> + <i>b</i></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;" valign="top" width="57">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>0</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span>Perjanjian: tanda titik (</span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span>) dapat dihilangkan dari
penulisan ekspresi Boolean, kecuali jika ada penekanan:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(i)<span> </span><i><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>a</i>(<i>b</i>
+ <i>c</i>) = <i>ab</i> + <i>ac</i></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 126pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -54pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span>(ii)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><i><span>a</span></i><span> + <i>bc</i> = (<i>a</i> + <i>b</i>) (<i>a</i>
+ <i>c</i>)</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 126pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -54pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span>(iii)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><i><span>a</span></i><span> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> 0 , bukan a0</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
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<div class="MsoHeading9">
<span style="font-size: small;">Prinsip Dualitas</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span>Misalkan <i>S</i> adalah kesamaan (<i>identity</i>) di dalam aljabar
Boolean yang melibatkan operator +,<span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span>, dan komplemen, maka jika pernyataan <i>S</i>* diperoleh dengan cara mengganti</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span lang="ES-PE"><span> </span>dengan<span>
</span>+</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span> </span><span> </span>+<span> </span>dengan<span>
</span></span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span lang="ES-PE"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span> </span><span> </span>0<span> </span>dengan<span>
</span>1</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE"><span> </span><span> </span>1<span> </span>dengan<span>
</span>0</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="ES-PE">dan
membiarkan operator komplemen tetap apa adanya, maka kesamaan <i>S</i>* juga benar. </span><i><span>S</span></i><span>*
disebut sebagai <i>dual</i> dari <i>S</i>.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoBodyText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span>Contoh.</span></b><span><span> </span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoBodyText" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(i)<span> </span>(<i>a</i>
</span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> 1)(0 + <i>a</i>’) = 0<span> </span>dualnya <span>(</span><i>a</i><span> + 0) + (1 </span></span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> <i>a</i>’) = 1<span> </span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoBodyText" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(ii)<span> </span><i>a</i>(<i>a</i>‘
+ <i>b</i>) = <i>ab</i><span> </span>dualnya <i>a</i> + <i>a</i>‘<i>b</i> = <i>a</i>
+ <i>b</i></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span>Hukum-hukum
Aljabar Boolean</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 5.4pt;">
<tbody>
<tr style="page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 212.65pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="it1">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>1.<span> </span>Hukum identitas:</span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(i)<span> </span><span> </span><i>a</i> + 0 = <i>a</i></span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(ii)<span> </span><i>a</i>
</span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> 1 = <i>a</i></span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.35pt;" valign="top" width="300">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>2.<span> </span>Hukum idempoten:</span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(i)<span> </span><span> </span><i>a</i> + <i>a </i>= <i>a</i></span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(ii)<span> </span><i>a</i>
</span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> <i>a</i>
= <i>a</i></span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 212.65pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>3.<span> </span>Hukum komplemen:</span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(i)<span> </span><span> </span><i>a</i> + <i>a</i>’ = 1 </span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(ii)<span> </span><i>aa</i>’
= 0</span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.35pt;" valign="top" width="300">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>4.<span> </span>Hukum dominansi:</span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(i)<span> </span><span> </span><i>a</i> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>×</span></span><span> 0<span> </span>= 0</span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(ii)<span> </span><i>a</i>
+ 1 = 1</span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 212.65pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>5.<span> </span>Hukum involusi:</span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(i)<span> </span> (<i>a</i>’)’ = <i>a</i></span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.35pt;" valign="top" width="300">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>6.<span> </span>Hukum penyerapan:</span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(i)<span> </span><span> </span><i>a</i> + <i>ab</i> = <i>a</i></span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(ii)<span> </span><i>a</i>(<i>a</i> + <i>b</i>) = <i>a</i></span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 212.65pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>7.<span> </span>Hukum komutatif:</span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(i)<span> </span><span> </span><i>a</i> + <i>b</i> = <i>b</i> + <i>a</i></span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(ii)<span> </span><i>ab</i>
= <i>ba</i></span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.35pt;" valign="top" width="300">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>8.<span> </span>Hukum asosiatif:</span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(i)<span> </span><span> </span><i>a</i> + (<i>b</i> + <i>c</i>) = (<i>a</i> + <i>b</i>) + <i>c</i></span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(ii)<span> </span><i>a</i>
(<i>b</i> <i>c</i>) = (<i>a</i> <i>b</i>) <i>c</i></span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext; border-style: none solid; border-width: medium 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 212.65pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="it1">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>9.<span> </span>Hukum distributif:</span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(i)<span> </span><i>a</i> +
(<i>b</i> <i>c</i>) = (<i>a</i> + <i>b</i>) (<i>a</i> + <i>c</i>)</span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(ii) <i>a</i> (<i>b</i>
+ <i>c</i>) = <i>a</i> <i>b</i> + <i>a</i> <i>c</i></span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.35pt;" valign="top" width="300">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>10.<span> </span>Hukum De Morgan:</span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(i)<span> </span>(<i>a</i>
+ <i>b</i>)’ = <i>a</i>’<i>b</i>’</span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(ii) (<i>ab</i>)’ = <i>a</i>’ + <i>b</i>’</span></span></div>
<div class="it2">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 212.65pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="it2" style="margin-left: 18pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span>11.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span>Hukum 0/1 </span></span></div>
<div class="it2" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span>(i)<span>
</span>0’ = 1</span></span></div>
<div class="it2" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span><span>
</span>(ii)<span> </span>1’ = 0</span></span></div>
<div class="it2" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 225.35pt;" valign="top" width="300">
<div class="it2" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="position: relative; top: 5pt;">
</span><span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><blockquote>
<div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br clear="all" /></span>
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>anis not sinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06269952390999671529noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3982516936731984804.post-79632266367535262242011-10-15T02:23:00.000-07:002011-10-15T02:23:57.493-07:00rumus statistika dasar<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]> <style>
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</style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
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</style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1042"/> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Eras Demi ITC";">RINGKASAN STATISTIKA SMA</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Eras Demi ITC"; font-size: 11.0pt;">A. DATA TUNGGAL</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Eras Demi ITC"; font-size: 10.0pt;">UKURAN PEMUSATAN KUMPULAN DATA</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">1. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>MEAN (RATAAN)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 189.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -8.0pt; position: relative; top: 8.0pt;"><img height="31" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image002.gif" width="120" /></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-text-raise: -11.0pt; position: relative; top: 11.0pt;"><img height="38" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image004.gif" width="204" /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">2. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>MODUS</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">Modus dari data x</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">1</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">, x</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">, x</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">, ....,x</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">n</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> didefinisikan sbg nilai datum yang paling sering muncul ( nilai datum yang memiliki frekuensi terbesar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">3. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>MEDIAN (NILAI TENGAH)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">Syarat Data harus diurutkan dari terkecil hingga terbesar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 189.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">a.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jika n </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">Î</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"> <span lang="ES-PE">GANJIL <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -15.0pt; position: relative; top: 15.0pt;"><img height="40" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image006.gif" width="73" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>b.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>JIka n </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">Î</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"> <span lang="ES-PE">GENAP : </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -16.0pt; position: relative; top: 16.0pt;"><img height="51" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image008.gif" width="126" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Eras Demi ITC"; font-size: 10.0pt;">UKURAN LETAK KUMPULAN DATA</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">1. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Kuartil Data Tunggal</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">a. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Untuk Q</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">1</span></sub></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> : </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 216.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">a.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jika<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>n </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">Î</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> GANJIL : <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-text-raise: -22.0pt; position: relative; top: 22.0pt;"><img height="47" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image010.gif" width="55" /></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>b.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jika n </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">Î</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> GENAP : <span style="mso-text-raise: -22.0pt; position: relative; top: 22.0pt;"><img height="45" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image012.gif" width="52" /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">b. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Untuk Q</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">2</span></sub></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> :</span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> Menggunakan rumus yang sama dengan Mencari <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Median</b> (baik untuk data berjumlah GANJIL ataupun GENAP):</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">c. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Untuk Q</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">3</span></sub></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> :</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 216.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="height: 76px; left: 0px; margin-left: 275px; margin-top: 34px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 100px; z-index: 1;"><img height="76" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image013.gif" width="100" /></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">a. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jika<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>n </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">Î</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> GANJIL, gunakan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: <span style="mso-text-raise: -22.0pt; position: relative; top: 22.0pt;"><img height="46" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image015.gif" width="56" /></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>b.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jika n </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">Î</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> GENAP : <span style="mso-text-raise: -22.0pt; position: relative; top: 22.0pt;"><img height="46" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image017.gif" width="62" /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">2. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Statistik Lima Serangkai <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">3. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Desil</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 144.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">Urutan / letak Desil ke- i = <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><img height="30" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image019.gif" width="54" /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 18.0pt 144.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">4. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Rataan Kuartil (RK)</span></b><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"> = <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -8.0pt; position: relative; top: 8.0pt;"><img height="30" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image021.gif" width="97" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 144.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">5. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rataan Tiga Kuartil</b> = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -8.0pt; position: relative; top: 8.0pt;"><img height="30" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image023.gif" width="131" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Eras Demi ITC"; font-size: 10.0pt;">UKURAN PENYEBARAN KUMPULAN DATA </span></b><span style="font-family: "Eras Demi ITC"; font-size: 10.0pt;">(berlaku pula untuk <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Data Kelompok</b>)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 270.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">1. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Jangkauan (J) atau Rentang / Range (R)<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">R = X<sub>max</sub> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">-</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> X<sub>min</sub></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 270.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">2. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Jangkauan Antar Kuartil (JAK)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">H = Q<sub>3</sub> – Q<sub>1</sub></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">3. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Simpangan Kuartil / Jangkauan Semi Antar Kuartil (JSAK) <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><img height="30" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image025.gif" width="97" /></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 288.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">4. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Langkah <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><img height="30" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image027.gif" width="86" /></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">5. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pagar Dalam dan Pagar Luar</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt 126.0pt 198.0pt 216.0pt 270.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .15pt;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">a. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pagar Dalam</b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;"><img height="26" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image029.gif" width="67" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt 126.0pt 198.0pt 216.0pt 270.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .15pt;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">b. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pagar Luar</b> = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;"><img height="21" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image031.gif" width="65" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">a. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Jika <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">P</b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sub><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">d</span></sub></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">£</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE">x</span></i></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><sub><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">i</span></sub></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">£</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"> P</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><sub><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">l</span></sub></i></b><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"> maka datanya dinamakan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">data normal</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">b. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Jika <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">x</i></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">i </span></sub></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">P</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">d</span></sub></b><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">atau</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;"> </span></sub></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">x</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">i </span></sub></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><sub><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">></span></span></sub></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> P</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sub><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;">l</span></sub></b><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> maka datanya data tidak normal atau disebut <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">pencilan</b>.</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">6. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>RAGAM </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Ada 3 rumus : (no a biasa kita pakai)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 117.0pt 243.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">a. <span style="mso-text-raise: -11.0pt; position: relative; top: 11.0pt;"><img height="37" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image033.gif" width="105" /></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>b.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-text-raise: -8.0pt; position: relative; top: 8.0pt;"><img height="45" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image035.gif" width="120" /></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>c.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-text-raise: -23.0pt; position: relative; top: 23.0pt;"><img height="71" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image037.gif" width="151" /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">7. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>SIMPANGAN BAKU (S)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Adalah Akar kuadrat dari Ragam ! Jadi SImpangan Baku : </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;"><img height="26" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image039.gif" width="50" /></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Eras Demi ITC"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Mengubah data berkelompok menjadi distribusi frekuensi :</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">a. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Cari <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Range</i> (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">R = data max – data min</b>)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">b. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Hitung <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">banyak kelas</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(K)</i> dengan rumus <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">K = 1 + 3,3 log N</b> (N banyak data, log N dilihat di tabel )</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">c. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Cari Interval Kelas dengan rumus <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">I = <sup>R</sup>/<sub>K</sub>.</b> (biasanya i = bilangan ganjil)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">d. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pilih batas bawah kelas pertama (biasanya data min)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">e. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Cari frekuensi dengan menggunakan turus.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Eras Demi ITC"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">ISTILAH :</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">1. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Kelas</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">2. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Batas Kelas</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Yaitu nilai-nilai ujung yang terdapat pada suatu kelas (ada Batas bawah, ada Batas atas)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">3. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Tepi Kelas</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 108.0pt 126.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Tepi bawah <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>= <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>batas bawah – 0,5</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 108.0pt 126.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Tepi atas <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>= <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>batas atas + 0,5</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">4. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Panjang Kelas / Interval Kelas= tepi atas – tepi bawah</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">5. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Titik Tengah Kelas / Nilai Tengah Kelas</span></b><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"> atau <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rataan Kelas</b>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><img height="30" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image041.gif" width="285" /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Eras Demi ITC"; font-size: 11.0pt;">B. DATA KELOMPOK</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Eras Demi ITC"; font-size: 10.0pt;">UKURAN PEMUSATAN KUMPULAN DATA</span></b><span style="font-family: "Eras Demi ITC"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">1. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>MEAN (RATAAN)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Ada 3 cara :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt 162.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">a. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Nilai Tengah : <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -22.0pt; position: relative; top: 22.0pt;"><img height="64" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image043.gif" width="57" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>b.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">Metoda Rataan Sementara : <span style="mso-text-raise: -9.0pt; position: relative; top: 9.0pt;"><img height="29" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image045.gif" width="81" /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 180.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">dengan </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;"><img height="22" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image047.gif" width="66" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">di mana </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;"><img height="21" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image049.gif" width="17" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">diambil dari nilai tengah kelas yang frekuensinya terbesar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">c. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Metoda Coding : </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;"><img height="38" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image051.gif" width="99" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dimana p = interval kelas dan </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -9.0pt; position: relative; top: 9.0pt;"><img height="34" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image053.gif" width="62" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="height: 112px; left: 0px; margin-left: 228px; margin-top: 12px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 304px; z-index: 2;"> </span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="112" style="vertical-align: top;" width="304"><span style="left: 0pt; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; z-index: 2;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td> <div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">L = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>tepi bawah kelas modus (memeiliki frekuensi tertinggi)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">P = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>interval kelas</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">D</span><sub><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">1</span></sub><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"> = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>selisih frekuensi kelas modus dengan kelas sebelumnya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">D</span><sub><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">2</span></sub><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"> = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>selisih frekuensi kelas modus dengan kelas sesudahnya</span></div></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></span> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">2. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>MODUS DATA KELOMPOK</span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;"><img height="38" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image055.gif" width="113" /></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dimana : </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">3. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>KUARTIL DATA KELOMPOK</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="height: 112px; left: 0px; margin-left: 228px; margin-top: 4px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 304px; z-index: 3;"> </span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="112" style="vertical-align: top;" width="304"><span style="left: 0pt; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; z-index: 3;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td> <div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">Q</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">1</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Kuartil Bawah</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">L</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">1</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>tepi bawah kelas yang memuat kuartil bawah Q</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">1</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">P = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>interval kelas</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">fk</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">1</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>jumlah frekuensi sebelum kelas Q</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">1</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">f</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">1</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>frekuensi kelas Q</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">1</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">n = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ukuran data (</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">å</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> f)</span></div></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></span> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">A. Kuartil Pertama / Kuartil Bawah :</span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 144.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -18.0pt; position: relative; top: 18.0pt;"><img height="55" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image057.gif" width="129" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Mencari kelas Q</span><sub><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">1</span></sub><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"> dengan </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -16.0pt; position: relative; top: 16.0pt;"><img height="32" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image059.gif" width="57" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">B. Kuartil Kedua / Kuartil Tengah / MEDIAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"> </span></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="4" width="228"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td><br />
</td> <td height="112" style="vertical-align: top;" width="304"><span style="left: 0pt; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; z-index: 4;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td> <div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">Q</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Kuartil Tengah</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">L</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>tepi bawah kelas yang memuat kuartil bawah Q</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">P = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>interval kelas</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">fk</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>jumlah frekuensi sebelum kelas Q</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">f</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>frekuensi kelas Q</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">n = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ukuran data (</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">å</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> f)</span></div></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></span> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"> </span><br />
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 144.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -17.0pt; position: relative; top: 17.0pt;"><img height="55" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image061.gif" width="133" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Mencari kelas Q</span><sub><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">1</span></sub><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"> dengan </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -15.0pt; position: relative; top: 15.0pt;"><img height="36" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image063.gif" width="59" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">C. Kuartil Letiga / Kuartil Atas</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"> </span></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="4" width="228"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td><br />
</td> <td height="112" style="vertical-align: top;" width="304"><span style="left: 0pt; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; z-index: 5;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td> <div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">Q</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Kuartil Bawah</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">L</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>tepi bawah kelas yang memuat kuartil bawah Q</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">P = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>interval kelas</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">fk</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>jumlah frekuensi sebelum kelas Q</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">f</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>frekuensi kelas Q</span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">n = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ukuran data (</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">å</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"> f)</span></div></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></span> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"> </span><br />
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 144.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -16.0pt; position: relative; top: 16.0pt;"><img height="53" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image065.gif" width="133" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Mencari kelas Q</span><sub><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">3</span></sub><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"> dengan </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -16.0pt; position: relative; top: 16.0pt;"><img height="37" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image067.gif" width="65" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Eras Demi ITC"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Ukuran Penyebaran Kumpulan Data Berkelompok</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 270.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">1. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Jangkauan (J) atau Rentang / Range (R)<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">R = X<sub>max</sub> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">-</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> X<sub>min</sub></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 270.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">2. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Jangkauan Antar Kuartil (JAK)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">H = Q<sub>3</sub> – Q<sub>1</sub></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">3. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Simpangan Kuartil / Jangkauan Semi Antar Kuartil (JSAK) <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><img height="30" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image069.gif" width="122" /></span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 288.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">4. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Langkah <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;"><img height="38" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image071.gif" width="115" /></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">5. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pagar Dalam dan Pagar Luar</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt 126.0pt 198.0pt 216.0pt 270.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .15pt;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">a. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pagar Dalam</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;"><img height="26" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image029.gif" width="67" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 36.0pt 126.0pt 198.0pt 216.0pt 270.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .15pt;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">b. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pagar Luar</b> = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;"><img height="21" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image031.gif" width="65" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">6. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Ragam(S</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><sup><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">2</span></sup></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">) dan Simnpangan Baku (S)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">A. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -8.0pt; position: relative; top: 8.0pt;"><img height="35" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image073.gif" width="177" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 18.0pt 171.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">B. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dengan Rataan Sementara : <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -8.0pt; position: relative; top: 8.0pt;"><img height="34" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image075.gif" width="185" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt 171.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">C. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dengan Metoda Coding : <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -8.0pt; position: relative; top: 8.0pt;"><img height="39" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image077.gif" width="207" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="height: 64px; left: 0px; margin-left: 304px; margin-top: 24px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 220px; z-index: 6;"> </span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="64" style="vertical-align: top;" width="220"><span style="left: 0pt; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; z-index: 6;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td> <div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">f(%) = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>frekuensi relatif.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">fi = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>frekuensi kelas ke – i</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">å</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">f = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>jumlah data</span></div></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></span> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Tabel Distribusi Frekuensi Relatif, Tabel Distribusi Frekuensi Kumulatif, dan Tabel Frekuensi Distribusi Frekuensi Relatif Kumulatif</span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">1.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Frekuensi relatif : </span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -9.0pt; position: relative; top: 9.0pt;"><img height="31" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image079.gif" width="105" /></span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">2. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frekuensi kumulatif Kurang Dari</b> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">fk</i> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">£</span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"> ) menyatakan jumlah frekuensi semua data yang kurang dari atau sama dengan nilai TEPI ATAS tiap kelas </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">3. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frekuensi kumulatif Lebih Dari</b> (fk </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">³</span></span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">) menyatakan jumlah frekuensi semua nilai data yang lebih dari atau sama dengan nilai tepi bawah pada setiap kelas .</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">4. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Frekuensi Kumulatif relative (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">f</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><sub><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">rk</span></sub></i><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"> atau <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">fk</i>(%) menyatakan jumlah frekuensi semua data yang kurang dari atau sama dengan yang dinyatakn dalam persen.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="height: 76px; left: 0px; margin-left: 304px; margin-top: 0px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 220px; z-index: 7;"> </span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="76" style="vertical-align: top;" width="220"><span style="left: 0pt; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; z-index: 7;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td> <div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">fk</span></i><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">(%) = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>frekuensi relatif kumulatif</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;">fk</span></i><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> = rekuensi kumulatif suatu kelas </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">å</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;">f = <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>jumlah data</span></div></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></span> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -9.0pt; position: relative; top: 9.0pt;"><img height="33" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/user/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image081.gif" width="115" /></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div>anis not sinahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06269952390999671529noreply@blogger.com1